Sunday, July 26, 2015

The difficulty index and the discrimination index of a question



Calculation of the difficulty index of a question


Difficulty index                       Index for measuring the easiness or difficulty of a test question. It is the percentage (%) of students who have correctly answered a test question j it would be more logical to call it the easiness index. It can vary from 0 to 100%.

Saturday, July 25, 2015

Steps in item analysis for MCQ Questions (relative criteria tests)



Steps in item analysis for MCQ Questions (relative criteria tests)

1. Award of a score to each student
2. Ranking in order of merit
3. Identification of groups: high and low
4. Calculation of the difficulty index of a question
5. Calculation of the discrimination index of a question
6. Critical evaluation of each question enabling a given question to be retained, revised or rejected

Saturday, June 20, 2015

Calculation of the acceptable level of performance (ALP) for a MCQ test



Calculation of the acceptable level of performance    (ALP) for a MCQ test
1. Definition
The acceptable level of performance is a threshold value making it possible to decide (according to absolute criteria) whether a student "who knows barely enough" should be passed or failed. Calculation of the ALP for a test is not valid unless the number of MCQ is more than 30. Use of the ALP involves an advance judgment (before the test) on the relative difficulty of each question and enables a judgment based on the test as a whole to be made. Calculation of the ALP depends on the collective decision of several teachers each of whom has first made an independent judgment.

Saturday, June 6, 2015

What is Virtual Education



What is Virtual Education
1. Courses taught entirely online, where physical distance between teacher and student is immaterial.

2. A form of education which is outside the classroom or partially outside the classroom that is based on taking advantage of the telematic potential of the Internet to carry out formal or other types of education, by means of learning activities supported by virtual learning environments.

Monday, May 25, 2015

Timeline in the History of Medical Simulation

Timeline in the History of Medical Simulation


1928-1929
Edwin Link builds first blue box trainer in basement of father's Binghamton, NY, piano and organ factory [7].
1931
Link becomes full-time flight instructor. His school offers both trainer and actual flight time [7] and [8].
1934
US Army buys 6 Link trainers [7] and [8].

The tutor as learning facilitator

The tutor as learning facilitator

Old model of teaching

The old traditional methods of education often followed the authoritarian model of teaching. This looks something like this:

Thursday, May 14, 2015

Cooperation1

COOPERATION

COMING TOGETHER IS A BEGINNING, KEEPING TOGETHER IS PROGRESS,
WORKING TOGETHER IS SUCCESS

DIFFERENCES BETWEEN PBL and TBL



DIFFERENCES BETWEEN PBL AND TBL
                                               
Problem-based learning (PBL)

Task-based learning (TBL)

Learning surrounding a clinical problem
Learning surrounding clinical . tasks .
Clinical trigger is a paper scenario
Common problem/events encountered in daily practice. (For less common core problems/ topics, the facilitator can provide the scenarios to facilitate discussion.)

Re: COMMUNITY BASED LEARNING

COMMUNITY BASED LEARNING
Community Based Learning (CBL) is a pedagogical approach that is based on the premise that the most profound learning often comes from experience that is supported by guidance, context-providing, foundational knowledge, and intellectual analysis. The opportunity for students to bring thoughtful knowledge and ideas based on personal observation and social interaction to a course's themes and scholarly arguments brings depth to the learning experience for individuals and to the content of the course.

Wednesday, May 13, 2015

FLIP CLASSROOM



Flip teaching (or flipped classroom) is a form of blended learning which encompasses any use of Internet technology to leverage the learning in a classroom, so a teacher can spend more time interacting with students instead of lecturing. This is most commonly being done using teacher-created videos that students view outside of class time. It is also known as backwards classroom, reverse instruction, flipping the classroom, and reverse teaching.

Team Based Learning



Team Based Learning
Team-Based Learning brings together theoretically-based and empirically-grounded strategies for ensuring the effectiveness of autonomous small-groups working independently in classes with high student-faculty ratios (e.g., up to 200:1) without losing benefits of faculty-led small groups with lower ratios (e.g., 7:1).
We also view Team-Based Learning as the codification of key instructional principles, each of which has value, even when applied outside the context of the Team-Based Learning method in its entirety.

HISTORY OF EMERGENCY MEDICINE

The history of emergency medicine as a distinct medical discipline encompasses the past 60 years. The genesis of emergency medicine involved several elements and stemmed from recognition of the unique nature of trauma care and emergency transport, increasing mobility of the population and improvements in emergency care and resuscitation.


PROBLEM BASED LEARNING
The Maastricht "Seven Step" PBL process
Step 1:       Clarify terms and concepts
Step 2:       Define the problem(s)
Step 3:       Analyse the problem(s) –"Brainstorm"
Step 4:       List of the analysis and possible solutions
Step 5:       Formulate Learning Objectives


E-LEARNING
E-LEARNING has been a catchy word to many educators and trainers especially in the developing countries. To some people, e-learning is a ‘magic’ word that may give some positive meanings or great values to them and/or their organization. Yet, the definition and scope of e-learning is relative. To some people, e-learning is nothing more than the use of electronic devices for teaching and learning. Others look at e-learning as a new way of educating and training their staff and customers, including students and trainees, using various electronic gadgets. Supyan (2008) offers an operational definition and conceptual definition for e-learning.