Timeline in the History of Medical Simulation

Timeline in the History of Medical Simulation

1928-1929	Edwin Link builds first blue box trainer in basement of father's Binghamton, NY, piano and organ factory [7].
1931	Link becomes full-time flight instructor. His school offers both trainer and actual flight time [7] and [8].
1934	US Army buys 6 Link trainers [7] and [8].

The tutor as learning facilitator

The tutor as learning facilitator

Old model of teaching

The old traditional methods of education often followed the authoritarian model of teaching. This looks something like this:

Cooperation1

COOPERATION

COMING TOGETHER IS A BEGINNING, KEEPING TOGETHER IS PROGRESS,

WORKING TOGETHER IS SUCCESS

DIFFERENCES BETWEEN PBL and TBL

DIFFERENCES BETWEEN PBL AND TBL

                                               

Problem-based learning (PBL)	Task-based learning (TBL)
Learning surrounding a clinical problem	Learning surrounding clinical . tasks .
Clinical trigger is a paper scenario	Common problem/events encountered in daily practice. (For less common core problems/ topics, the facilitator can provide the scenarios to facilitate discussion.)

Re: COMMUNITY BASED LEARNING

COMMUNITY BASED LEARNING

Community Based Learning (CBL) is a pedagogical approach that is based on the premise that the most profound learning often comes from experience that is supported by guidance, context-providing, foundational knowledge, and intellectual analysis. The opportunity for students to bring thoughtful knowledge and ideas based on personal observation and social interaction to a course's themes and scholarly arguments brings depth to the learning experience for individuals and to the content of the course.

FLIP CLASSROOM

Flip teaching (or flipped classroom) is a form of blended learning which encompasses any use of Internet technology to leverage the learning in a classroom, so a teacher can spend more time interacting with students instead of lecturing. This is most commonly being done using teacher-created videos that students view outside of class time. It is also known as backwards classroom, reverse instruction, flipping the classroom, and reverse teaching.

Team Based Learning

Team Based Learning

Team-Based Learning brings together theoretically-based and empirically-grounded strategies for ensuring the effectiveness of autonomous small-groups working independently in classes with high student-faculty ratios (e.g., up to 200:1) without losing benefits of faculty-led small groups with lower ratios (e.g., 7:1).

We also view Team-Based Learning as the codification of key instructional principles, each of which has value, even when applied outside the context of the Team-Based Learning method in its entirety.

HISTORY OF EMERGENCY MEDICINE

The history of emergency medicine as a distinct medical discipline encompasses the past 60 years. The genesis of emergency medicine involved several elements and stemmed from recognition of the unique nature of trauma care and emergency transport, increasing mobility of the population and improvements in emergency care and resuscitation.

PROBLEM BASED LEARNING

The Maastricht "Seven Step" PBL process

Step 1:       Clarify terms and concepts

Step 2:       Define the problem(s)

Step 3:       Analyse the problem(s) –"Brainstorm"

Step 4:       List of the analysis and possible solutions

Step 5:       Formulate Learning Objectives

E-LEARNING

E-LEARNING has been a catchy word to many educators and trainers especially in the developing countries. To some people, e-learning is a ‘magic’ word that may give some positive meanings or great values to them and/or their organization. Yet, the definition and scope of e-learning is relative. To some people, e-learning is nothing more than the use of electronic devices for teaching and learning. Others look at e-learning as a new way of educating and training their staff and customers, including students and trainees, using various electronic gadgets. Supyan (2008) offers an operational definition and conceptual definition for e-learning.